Maker's Marks

Historical ceramics and glassware can often be identified by maker's marks or embossments. These marks not only identify who manufactured the piece, but also where and when it was made.

Not all ceramic fragments had maker's marks and some marks were only partially preserved. The variety of maker's marks identified in the assemblage indicates that materials from several different locations and suppliers were shipped to the school. This included white ware and earthenware from the eastern United States and England, and porcelain from Europe. The two major areas producing ceramic white ware in the United States at this time were East Liverpool, Ohio, and Trenton, New Jersey, and these centers are heavily represented in the assemblage. The period of time an archaeologist usually associates with a maker's mark corresponds to either the interval a manufacturer was in business or the period between the introduction of a product and its replacement by another with some identifiable difference.

Maker's marks and embossments are also found on a great variety of the glassware found at the site.The large quantities of beverage containers recovered from the trash indicate that commercially obtainable beverages were popular among students and staff of the school. The maker's marks and embossments provide more detailed information about the character of store-bought beverages consumed on campus. Most soda bottles had markings indicating they were locally made.

In addition to the variey of beverage containers found, there was a variety of medicine bottles, which attests to a concern for health. The marks on these bottles indicate that they originated in such places as Boston, New York, Chicago, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Portland, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and St. Louis. Two Phoenix establishments, C. Eschman Co. Pharmacist and Wakelin's Pharmacy, were also represented.

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