Ceramics
Dishes were abundant in the trash dump and were objects
that fundamentally changed how pupils viewed the organization of traditional
family meals. The use of dishes and eating utensils at school ritually
instilled in the student lessons of social order, curtesy, and health awareness
three times a day. One of the most unusual experiences confronting the
pupils was that of the dining hall. Not only
was
the kind of food served in the dining hall different from home, but the
manner in which it was served (on dishes), the way it was expected to be
consumed (with utensils, and seated at a table with permanently assigned
seating), its quantity, and its regularity in appearance starkly contrasted
with reservation meals. The large quantity and regularity of meals was
primarily intended to keep pupils healthy, especially in a context where
deadly diseases such as pneumonia, measles, tuberculosis were prevalent.
The context of serving and consuming food, however, had as lasting an impact
on pupils as the kinds and quantities of food they ate. On the reservation,
food often was consumed in a family setting, sitting around a hearth and
sharing from a communal vessel. Eating was probably done with the hands.
This image contrasts with the school image of row after row of dining tables
set with plates and utensils, each pupil in his or her assigned place.
While the manner of eating off plates with forks and knives was intended
to be taught as the "civilized" way to eat, it also was a more
sanitary way to eat, inhibiting the transmission of disease. Each pupil
literally had his or her own place and utensils, which, after use, were
thoroughly cleaned by other students. Cleanliness and sanitation were lessons
that became associated with dishes. Once pupils became accustomed to eating
food and the sanitary customs of the dining hall, it was difficult or impossible
for many to return home and eat food in a communal manner.
| Clothing | Ceramics | Maker's Marks | A Steam Whistle | Traditions Brought from Home | Personal Belongings | Indian School Home |