Archaeology of Teotihuacan, Mexico
More than 185 stone disks in various sizes were found in many graves
at the Feathered Serpent Pyramid. They are mainly of slate and vary considerably
in size. The disks found in the 1980s were classified into three groups
basically by size and provenience. Large slate disks (photo right), except
for those found in Grave 14, were always discovered at the posterior part
of the hip bones of the male individuals found with maxilla pendants in
peripheral areas (See photo left, taken after the removal of certain vertebral
bones and left pelvis). The disks have been identified as the rear waist
ornament known in Postclassic Nahuatl as tezcacuitlapilli. They were a diagnostic
element for the identification of soldiers.
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The
second group consisting of small disks (photo left) were found only in peripheral
graves (Graves 190, 4, 5, and 6 see General
Map). They were less than 2.4 cm in diameter and less than 2.2 mm in
thickness, and usually had one hole, suggesting that they were pendants.
Excavation contexts also support their function as pendants as they were
found at the thorax region of individuals who wore large back disks. The
central graves (Graves 12, 13, and 14) included 25 complete or incomplete
disks of medium size (the third group), and 9 complete or incomplete disks
of large size. The function of disks of medium size cannot be inferred from
the excavation contexts, since they were not found consistently in association
with specific parts of bodies.
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Large Cones
During the exploration of the central
zone in the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, 46 large stone cones with stems were
discovered in the fill of the Feathered Serpent Pyramid. They were found
at various stratigraphic depths without any apparent patterning in position.
Their excavation contexts indicate that they were thrown into the fill with
other rocks to make the nucleus of the pyramid. The cone form is rather
uniform, although the ratio of height to width (maximum diameter) varies
from one to another (photo left). The size also varies considerably among
cones. Many cones were found broken, with some having the stems cut off
at their bases (photo right). The functions of these big cones are unknown,
as they have not been reported nor discussed previously.
